大象juǎn修辞1：比喻
比喻是最常见的修辞手法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理，增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和和暗喻。例如：She is an angel.是暗喻；而She is as innocent as an angel.是明喻。
1)明喻
直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，常用的明喻标志词有 like, as, seem, as…as, as if, as though, similar to等。
基本格式是：本体+比喻词+喻体。例如：The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society. The USA是本体，喻体是melting pot, 比喻词是like, 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。
v句型赏析
① Love is like the wind, you can’t see it but you can feel it.（情感描写）
爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。
② The house looks something like a castle. （景物描写）
那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。(something like…有点像…)
③ Kyle looked at the test with a stare as blank as his notebook.（情景描写）
Kyle茫然地看着试卷，头脑如同笔记本一样的空白。
④ As in depths of many seas, my heart was drowned in memories.（情绪描写）
如同在大海深处，我的心里沉溺于回忆之中。
⑤ He moved like lightening before the police came. （动作描写）
还没等警察到来，他像闪电一样地跑了。
⑥ The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.（情景描写）
这个国家，覆盖着樱花，看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。
⑦ I couldn’t move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. （动作描写）
我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。
v练一练
1．这本书陪伴了我很久就像一位我的老朋友似的。
2．我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。
3．他感觉彷佛整个世界都崩塌了。
4．这辆公交车走的像蜗牛一样慢。
5．我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中
参考答案：
1．The book has accompanied me for quite a long time like an old friend.
2．I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice.
3．He felt as if the whole world had fallen apart on him.
4．The bus went as slowly as a snail.
5．I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.
2)暗喻
也叫隐喻，本体喻体都出现，中间常用喻词“是”等连接，有时不用喻词。暗喻的典型形式为：甲是乙，而不用like, as等喻词。例如Money sometimes is a poison. 钱有时候是一种毒药。
v句型赏析
① Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders. （肖像描写）
她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。
② Life is an unexplored river. full of twists and turns.(哲理)
生活就像一条未被涉足的河流，有各种曲折。
③ I felt a lump in my throat, tearing welling up in my eyes.（情感描写）
我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。
④ A heavy silence blanketed the room.（环境描写）
整个房子沉浸在一片寂寞中。
⑤ The old man’s face is a map of time.(哲理)
老人的脸是岁月的写照。
v练一练
找出下面句子里面的修辞
1.My very thought was like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves.
2.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
3.Wind and rain now whipped（鞭打） the house.
4.My mother is like a coat in winter, offering warmth to me.
5.The wind sounded like a roar of a train passing by.
6.Household and medical suplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car.
参考答案：1. 明喻 2.明喻 3. 暗喻 4. 明喻 5. 明喻 6. 暗喻
修辞2：夸张
运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。
Ø使用数词或量词
1. My heart broke in about a million pieces.（情感描写） 我的心成了碎片。
2. She was half dead with fear.（情感描写） 她吓得半死。
3. The backpack weighs a ton.（情景描写） 背包很重。
Ø使用动词
1. The young girl brought the house down with her performance.（情景描写）
这位年轻姑娘的表演博得了满堂喝彩。
2. It made me jump out of my skin. （情感描写） 吓得我魂不附体。
3.I almost laughed my head off.（情感描写） 我都快笑死了。
4. My blood froze.（情感描写） 我的血液都凝固了。
5. She cried her eyes out. （情感描写） 她痛哭涕流。
6. It brought her heart into her mouth.（情感描写） 让她的心悬到了嗓子眼。
7. My heart sank when he left.（情感描写）当他离开时我心都碎了。
Ø使用形容词和副词
在日常对话中，人们常用形容词或者副词去修饰微不足道的事情，目的就是为了渲染一种气氛，强调某种意义的事情。
如副词：extremely；awfully；terribly；perfectly；horribly等等
形容词：miserable; horrible; splendid等等
例如： It’s beautiful, heavenly beautiful.(景物描写) 那儿很漂亮，就像天堂那般漂亮。
Ø使用介词短语
1. She went home in a flood of tears.（情感描写） 她泪如泉涌地回家去了。
2. When they told the news, I was over the moon/ on the top of the world.（情感描写）
当他们告诉我这个消息时，我乐不可支。
3. He was bent out of shape（情感描写） 他非常生气（气到变形）
修辞3：拟人
把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动，形象，更有感染力。
ØPart 1：把自然现象当作人来描写
1. The wind stood up and gave a shout . (景物描写) 大风凛冽，发出怒吼。
2. The breeze gently kissed her cheeks. (景物描写) 微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸庞。
3. The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture.(景物描写)
鹅毛般的雪花在空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的图画。
4.The mist swallowed him up. (景物描写) 薄雾把他包围起来。
5.The icy wind started howling, stinging my face.(景物描写) 寒风开始咆哮，刺痛了我的脸。
6. Stars winked at me in a darkening sky.(景物描写) 夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
7. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.(景物描写) 顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。
ØPart 2：把含蓄抽象的概念当作人来描写
1. Fear seized/swallowed him.（情感描写） 恐惧把他吞噬了。
2. Anger choked my words.（情感描写） 我气得说不出话来。
3. A good idea suddenly struck me. （情景描写） 我突然想到一个好主意。
4. Smile took hold of him.（情感描写） 他笑容满面。
5. Anxiety torn him into pieces.（情感描写） 她焦虑不安，十分崩溃。
6. Courage/Confidence deserted him.（情感描写） 他没信心了。
7. Excitement deprived me of all power of speech.（情感描写） 我兴奋的啥也说不出来了。
ØPart 3：把动物当作人来描写
1. In the dead of night, the crickets（蟋蟀）played on the terrace of the house.(景物描写)
寂静的夜，蟋蟀旁若无人地在房子的阳台上玩。
2. Birds on the tree are singing a beatiful song.(景物描写)
树上的小鸟在树上唱着美妙的歌曲。
3. The frogs are giving a concert—mixed chorus.(景物描写)
青蛙在举办音乐会—混声大合唱。
4.Fireflies patrol the grass with small lanterns (景物描写)
萤火虫提着小灯笼在草丛中巡逻。
v练一练
1. 夏天的微风轻轻地抚摸着我的脸。
2. 细雨轻轻地亲吻着我的脸颊。
3. 我能听到到处都是鸟儿在歌唱。
4. 这个教堂目睹了这个城市20年的变化。
参考答案：
1. The summer breeze touched my face gently.
2. The drizzle kissed me on my cheek gently.
3. I could hear birds singing everywhere.
4. The church has witnessed the city’s changes in the past 20 years.
修辞4：排比
也称平行, 是把结构相同或相似、意思密切相关、语气一致的词语或句子成串地排列的一种修辞方法，利用意义相关或相近，结构相同或相似和语气相同的词组(主、谓、动、宾)或句子并排(三句或三句以上),段落并排(两段即可), 达到一种加强语势的效果。
v句型赏析
① Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes.（动作描写） 母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服, 掸去家具上的灰尘, 洗碗。
② Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy.（情景描写）
无论是在课堂上, 在工作中, 还是在家里, 詹姆斯总是很忙。
③ Don’t make promise when you are in joy. Don’t reply when you are sad. Don’t take decision whenyou are angry. Think twice and act wise.（哲理）
别在喜悦的时候许下承诺;别悲伤的时候做出回答;别在愤怒的时候作出决定。三思而行，做出睿智的行为。
④ Pain makes you stronger, tears make you braver, heartbreak makes you wiser, so thank the past for a better future.（哲理）
痛苦, 会让你更强大; 眼泪, 会让你更勇敢; 心碎, 会让你更睿智，所以为了更好的未来感谢过去吧。
⑤ This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed. 这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。
v练一练
找出下面句子里面的修辞
1.The wind whispers in the tree.
2.The noise was loud enough to wake the dead.
3.His speech brought the house down.
4.The old Venice fell asleep again.
5.The sun broke through the clouds and jumped out of the sea.
6.The birds danced happily on the branch.
7.She eats like a bird.
8.The loud music almost drove me up a wall.
9.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
10.The volcano spit out lava from its mouth.
11.. He is dying for this opportunity.
参考答案：1.拟人 2. 夸张 3.夸张 4. 拟人 5. 拟人 6. 拟人 7. 明喻 8. 夸张 9 拟人 10. 拟人
11. 夸张
